After you have memorized the hiragana and katakana characters, the next step you have to learn the kanji. Much more difficult kanji hiragana or katakana compared. However, learning kanji really interesting and fun.Kanji & How to Read
Kanji are letters that picture was adopted from China at the beginning of the 14th century. Each kanji represents not only sound but also the meaning.
Kanji are usually written in the majority of nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
Kanji are usually written in the majority of nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
Kanji have two ways to read, namely kunyomi (how to read Japanese), and onyomi (how to read Chinese). The question arises of when you might kunyomi kanji is read and when read onyomi? In general, when a kanji stands alone and gives a meaning to the kanji (not combined with other kanji) then we use kunyomi read. And when a kanji is used in conjunction with other kanji, then we use onyomi read.
Example:
月(つき)
For stand-alone, then read "tsuki" (つき)
For stand-alone, then read "tsuki" (つき)
一月(いちがつ)
Due to be combined with other kanji, the kanji一(いち), then read "gatsu" (がつ) , however there are some kanji that do not follow the above rules, therefore you must be careful.
Due to be combined with other kanji, the kanji一(いち), then read "gatsu" (がつ) , however there are some kanji that do not follow the above rules, therefore you must be careful.
Here are some basic kanji list you need to know. But before you learn to do this part of this, you should have memorized the hiragana and katakana characters well.
Basic Kanji 1
Kanji meaning: the Sun, The number of streaks: 4
日
| How to read: • Kunyomi:ひ • Onyomi:ニチExample: •日(ひ): Sun •日よう日(にちようび): Sunday |
Meaning of Kanji: MONTH, Number of graffiti: 4
月
| How to read: • Kunyomi:つき • Onyomi:ゲツ/ガツExample: •月(つき): Month •月よう日(げつようび): Monday |
Meaning of Kanji: API, Number of graffiti: 4
火
| How to read: • Kunyomi:ひ • Onyomi:カExample: •火(ひ): Fire •火よう日(かようび): Tuesday |
Meaning of Kanji: Water, Number of graffiti: 4
水
| How to read: • Kunyomi:みず • Onyomi:すいExample: •水(みず): Water •水よう日(すいようび): Wednesday |
Meaning of Kanji: Trees, The number of streaks: 4
木
| How to read: • Kunyomi:き • Onyomi:モクExample: •木(き): Tree •木よう日(もくようび): Thursday |
Meaning of Kanji: MONEY, Number of graffiti: 8
金
| How to read: • Kunyomi:かね • Onyomi:キンExample: •金(かね): Money •金よう日(きんようび): Friday |
Meaning of Kanji: LAND, Number of streaks: 3
土
| How to read: • Kunyomi:つち • Onyomi:ドExample: •土(つち): Soil •土よう日(どようび): Saturday |
Basic Kanji 2
一
| How to read: • Kunyomi:ひと • Onyomi:イチExample: •一つ(ひとつ): One fruit •一月(いちがつ): January |
二
| How to read: • Kunyomi:ふた • Onyomi:ニExample: •二つ(ふたつ) •二月(にがつ): February |
三
| How to read: • Kunyomi:みっ • Onyomi:サンExample: •三つ(みっつ): Three pieces •三月(さんがつ): March |
四
| How to read: • Kunyomi:よっ • Onyomi:シExample: •四つ(よっつ): Four •四月(しがつ): April |
五
| How to read: • Kunyomi:いつ • Onyomi:ゴExample: •五つ(いつつ): Five pieces •五月(ごがつ): May |
六
| How to read: • Kunyomi:むっ • Onyomi:ロクExample: •六つ(むっつ): Six Fruit •六月(ろくがつ): June |
七
| How to read: • Kunyomi:なな • Onyomi:シチExample: •七つ(ななつ): Seven •七月(しちがつ): July |
八
| How to read: • Kunyomi:やっ • Onyomi:ハチExample: •八つ(やっつ): Eight •八月(はちがつ): August |
九
| How to read: • Kunyomi:ここの • Onyomi:ク/キュウExample: •九つ(ここのつ): Nine pieces •九月(くがつ): September |
十
| How to read: • Kunyomi:とお • Onyomi:ジュウExample: •十(とお): Ten pieces, •十月(じゅうがつ): October •十一月(じゅういちがつ): November, •十二月(じゅうにがつ): December |
3 Basic Kanji
Kanji Meaning: HUNDREDS, Number of graffiti: 6
百
| How to read: • Kunyomi: • Onyomi:ヒャク/ビャクExample: •二百(にひゃく): Two hundred •三百(さんびゃく) Three hundred |
Meaning of Kanji: THOUSANDS, Total streaks: 3
千
| How to read: • Kunyomi: • Onyomi:セン/ゼンExample: •一千(いっせん): One thousand •三千(さんぜん): Three thousand |
Meaning of Kanji: tens of thousands, Number of streaks: 3
万
| How to read: • Kunyomi: • Onyomi:マンExample: •一万(いちまん): Ten thousand •百万(ひゃくまん): One million |
Meaning of Kanji: YEN, Number of graffiti: 4
円
| How to read: • Kunyomi: • Onyomi:エンExample: •百万円(ひゃくまんえん): One million yen •五千円(ごせんえん): Five thousand yen |
Kanji (jp:汉字) are Japanese characters that are imported from Chinese characters. Named "Kanji" for adjusting the term Mandarin Hanzi . Hanzi is the name of traditional Chinese characters. Over time, these characters are absorbed for use by the Japanese language.
In contrast to the Latin letters, Kanji has its unique characteristics. Kanji characters are ideograms - that is, one character represents an idea . For example, as follows.
Kanji example:川= river
=风wind
星= star(And beyond)
Interestingly, although these examples represent one idea, they can be read in different ways. If the Indonesian language teaching, we often hear the term homograph - writing the same but the other reading.Rada case here is similar to that.
Kanji example:川= river → can be read as "sphere" (かわ) or "SEN" (セン)
风= wind → can be read "kaze" (かぜ) or "Fuu" (フウ)
星= star → can be read as "hoshi" (ほし) or "SEI" (セイ)(And beyond)
The above events occur because of kanji have more than one way to read. The above I just pointed out two, but actually, there are three ways to read kanji. Each is called to read the ON (on-yomi) , how to read KUN (kun-yomi) , and how to read NANORI (nanori-yomi) .
About how to read these three will be discussed further below.
How to Read Kanji: On, Kun, and Nanori
a) How to Read On (On-yomi)
As was said in the beginning, Kanji are Japanese characters that are imported from Chinese characters.Therefore there is a pronunciation of Kanji that adapts to the Chinese. Well, kanji pronunciation of this type is referred to as On-yomi .
Nevertheless, because of dialect differences between China and Japan, would Kanji pronunciation is not perfect. For example, the following example.
Kanji example:信 = truth / honesty-> Chinese language reads: 'xin'
-> in the on-yomi adjusted to be: 'shin' (シン)
As can be seen, there is the adjustment of the Mandarin 'xin' a Japanese 'shin'. Nevertheless the point remains: how to read ON (on-yomi) is a way to adjust the read Kanji Chinese characters .
Automatic, because the ties with Chinese characters, each character has on-yomi . Now we return to the three examples that have been mentioned in the beginning.
Kanji example:川= origin Mandarin: 'chuan' to be on-yomi: "SEN" (セン)
风= origin Mandarin: 'feng' to be on-yomi: "Fuu" (フウ)
星= origin Mandarin: 'xing' to be on-yomi : "SEI" (セイ)
Of course other examples can be found in the dictionary. For the record, any Japanese dictionary on-yomi written in katakana characters. So it's good to make sure rote learning katakana before the on-yomi. ^ ^
- IMPORTANT NOTE!
Although the example given above is just one on-yomi , sometimes there are kanji that have two or three on-yomi . For example, starch石(stones) can be read:
"SEKI" (セキ)
"shaku" (シャク)
"koku" (コク)
To make sure how to read more, do not forget to always match with the dictionary.
b) How to Read Kun (Kun-yomi)
If the on-yomi is based on the Kanji to read Chinese, then how to read KUN (kun-yomi) is the opposite. Kun-yomi is how to read the ORIGINAL Japanese Kanji . The original Japanese here in the sense that is not affected by the Mandarin.
For example, the following example.
Kanji example:剣 = sword / blade-> In Japanese read 'Tsurugi' (つるぎ)-> NOT ASSOCIATED WITH: Mandarin 'jian' / on-yomi KEN (ケン)
From the example above shows that KUN is how to read the original Japanese. In terms of pronunciation he had no nexus with Mandarin - just a ride just writing Chinese characters.
So here on-yomi and kun-yomi complementary role. If one reads Kanji based Mandarin, others do it for Japan.
Back to the three earliest examples in advance, then the ratio of ON / KUN is:
Kanji example:川= kun-yomi: "sphere" (かわ) / on-yomi: "SEN" (セン)
风= kun-yomi: "kaze" (かぜ) / on-yomi: "Fuu" (フウ)
星= kun- yomi: "hoshi" (ほし) / on-yomi: "SEI" (セイ)
For the record, an explanation kun-yomi in the dictionary is always written in hiragana letters. Therefore, do not forget to read hiragana rote exercise.
- IMPORTANT NOTE!
Although the example given above is just one kun-yomi , sometimes there are kanji that have many kun-yomi . For example空kanji (sky / empty) can be read:
"Sora" (そら)
"kara" (から)
"I" (あく)
"kara" (から)
"I" (あく)
As before, do not forget to always match with the dictionary.
c) How to Read Nanori (Nanori-yomi)
Unlike the previous two ways of reading, how to read NANORI (nanori-yomi) is not directly related to the Japanese daily. In fact nanori somewhat unique: it's the kanji readings are specifically used for the name .This name can be given to the person or the place / area.
Nevertheless it should be noted that many Japanese names was compiled using a combination of on-yomi / kun-yomi only (so do not absolutely have to involve nanori). Perhaps if I may be compared: nanori or not you want to use it depends on who gave the name only. 
Whatever the choice, the rule is to use the naming nanori.
Whatever the choice, the rule is to use the naming nanori.
Examples of starch that can stand alone as a name, by reading nanori:
恵 = blessings / goodness-> Nanori can be read as: "Satoshi"
-> nanori can be read as: "aya"
-> however, the kun-yomi reading "Megumi"
Nanori can also be used in combination with the on / kun-yomi to form a name, for example:
饭 田 = "Iida"-> Read饭nanori: "ii"
->田kun read: "ta"(A combination of "ii" + "ta" read "Iida")
Because it applied specifically to the name, not every character has nanori-yomi . Words do not usually have a negative connotation nanori - only limited on- and kun-yomi only.
Basic elements of Kanji: Radicals ( Bushu ,部首)
Radicals (jp: bushu ,部首) is the most basic kanji class. So named because it refers to the Latin radix - the Indonesian language means "root". Kanji is classified radicals can be joined with other kanji; form new kanji.
Therefore, the Radicals in Kanji means "roots" that form a more complex Kanji.
For example, the following example.
Examples Radical :山 = mountain
can be reduced to the new kanji:山 (mountain) + 石 (stone) = 岩 (cliff / rock)山 (mountain) + 风 (wind) = 岚 (storm) [ie "big wind"]山 (mountain) + 尤 (fault) + 夂 (down) = 峻 (steep)
*) On how to read kanjinya, please copy-paste into the Wakan or JLookUp. = P
Regarding the Radicals themselves are very complex rules, therefore we will not discuss too much. Rather it means just writing Kanji recognition. Even so the point is relatively simple.
Radicals are the basic elements that make up the kanji. Complexity of kanji is basically just a bunch stacking- Radicals . If we knew the Radicals , it is easier to memorize kanji.
The number of radical More risen above 200. List of radical complete its derivatives can be found at: [ here ]
***
Now we return to this example.
In the example above we see the Radicals are relatively straightforward , ie, easy to guess its meaning. Yet there is also a combination that's rather difficult to understand - even though its constituent components are relatively clear.
For example, as follows.
Examples Radical :田 = fields
can be reduced to the new kanji:田 (rice) + 力 (power) = 男 (male / male)田 (rice) + 心 (liver) = 思 (thinking)田 (rice) + 个 (roof) + 儿 (feet) = 界 (world)
*) On how to read kanjinya, please copy-paste into the Wakan or JLookUp. = P
Somehow pengartiannya origin, perhaps the original Japanese know better. What is clear Radicals is an important component in the form of starch - the elements that must be mastered if we want to be able to read and write Japanese.
What is clear Radicals is an important component in the form of starch - the elements that must be mastered if we want to be able to read and write Japanese.Joint Inter-Kanji ( Jukugo ,熟语)
In the previous section we discussed about the Radicals , which combined to form a starch component. Now we will discuss about the combination of more than one kanji. In terms of language between kanji combination is called a compound (jp: jukugo ,熟语).
If the Indonesian language, we often stringing words to explain the detail. Such as "home" + "timber" = "wooden house". The same is true in the context jukugo - two ideas that shaped the kanji more detail.
For example, the following example.
电车 ("Densha")
can be broken down into:电 (electricity) + 车 (car / vehicle)
therefore:电车= electric = vehicles electric trains
Other examples are more than two kanji, for example:
武士道 ("bushidou")
can be broken down into:武 (nature of the warrior) + 士 (samurai) + 道 (road)
therefore:武士道= street samurai knighthood
As already stated, the principle is the same as how we play on words in Indonesian. The more we want to detail, the more kanjinya combined. ^ ^
Special Note: The rules Reading Jukugo
In general, the combination jukugo read the on-yomi . In the example "bushidou" (武士道) three kanji read ON-ON-ON. Similarly, "Densha" (电车) read ON-ON.
Nevertheless, there are exceptions. Jukugo to "Asahi" (朝日) KUN-KUN read: "ou-equal" (王様) reads ON-KUN, and so forth. These exceptions are legion, therefore, must be memorized individually.
Exceptions are also found in the name of the person / place in Japan. Jukugo can be read on behalf of a combination of ON, KUN, and NANORI. For example, "Sakurada" (桜田) KUN-KUN read: "Satou" (佐藤) reads ON-ON, and "Gunma" (群马) reads ON-KUN.
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