Of 46 basic hiragana letters, each letter represents the sound of the letter. Hiragan typically used to write native Japanese vocabulary that does not exist kanji, particles, suffixes of nouns, adjectives and verbs. The following is a table of hiragana characters.Basic Letter
| あ a | い i | う u | え e | お o |
| か ka | き ki | く I | け to | こ ko |
Reading practice!
| • あおい (Blue) aoi | • いけ (swimming) ike | |
| • あかい (red) AKAI | • くうき (air) kuuki | |
| • こえ (voice) Koe |
| さ sa | し shi | す su | せ se | そ so |
| た ta | ち chi | つ tsu | て te | と to |
Reading practice!
| • ちいさい (small) chiisa | • し た (bottom) shita | |
| • あし (feet) ashi | • そと (outside) soto | |
| な na | に ni | ぬ nu | ね ne | の no |
| は ha | ひ hi | ふ fu | へ he | ほ ho |
Reading practice!
| • なに (what?) Nani | • ひふ (skin) HIFU | |
| • はな (interest) hana | • ぬの (cloth / rag) nuno | |
| • いぬ (dog) inu | • ほ ね (bone) Hone |
| ま ma | み mi | む mu | め me | も mo |
| や yes | ゆ yu | よ yo |
Reading practice!
| • やま (mountain) yama | • うみ (sea) umi | |
| • ゆめ (dream) yume | • あめ (rain) ame | |
| • よむ (read) yomu |
| ら ra | り ri | る ru | れ re | ろ ro |
| ん n | を o |
Reading practice!
| • かれら (they) karera | ||
| • れきし (historical) rekishi | ||
| • りろん (theory) rirun |
Additional letters
In addition to the basic letters, amounting to 46, hiragana also has 23 additional letters which formed the basis of letters and 33 letters combined. Function of the hiragana characters to write native Japanese vocabulary.
| が ga | ぎ gi | ぐ gu | げ ge | ご go |
| ざ za | じ ji | ず zu | ぜ ze | ぞ zo |
| だ da | で de | ど do | ||
| ば ba | び bi | ぶ bu | べ be | ぼ bo |
| ぱ pa | ぴ pi | ぷ pu | ぺ pe | ぽ po |
Joint letter
| や (yes) | ゆ (yu) | よ (yo) | |
| き (ki) | きゃ kya | きゅ kyu | きょ kyo |
| し (shi) | しゃ sha | しゅ shu | しょ sho |
| ち (chi) | ちゃ cha | ちゅ chu | ちょ cho |
| に (ni) | にゃ its | にゅ NYU | にょ Nyo |
| ひ (hi) | ひゃ (hya) | ひゅ (hyu) | ひょ (hyo) |
| み (mi) | みゃ (mya) | みゅ (Myu) | みょ (myo) |
| り (ri) | りゃ (RYA) | りゅ (ryu) | りょ (ryo) |
| ぎ (gi) | ぎゃ (Gya) | ぎゅ (gyu) | ぎょ (gyo) |
| じ (ji) | じゃ (jya) | じゅ (jyu) | じょ (jyo) |
| ぴ (bi) | びゃ (bya) | びゅ (BYU) | びょ (BYO) |
| ぴ (pi) | ぴゃ (pya) | ぴゅ (pyu) | ぴょ (pyo) |
Hiragana letters are the most basic letters in Japanese. This letter has three main purposes, namely:
- (A) form a particle in a sentence (called "okurigana")
(B) explain the kanji readings (called "furigana")
(C) write down the particle and the honorific
The list hiragana letters, and how to read it, can be seen as follows:
Terms Writing Hiragana
In writing hiragana, there are three main rules, namely:
- First of all, arrange the letters to form the desired word
- Thick consonants are represented by the letter 'tsu' small
- Long vowels are written by adding the corresponding letters
(Obviously)
Example:
- はっきり
= (Ha) (tsu) (ki) (ri)
= Ha kk envy
Example:
- おかあさん
= (O) (ka) (a) (sa) (n)
= Ok aa -san
When Wearing Hiragana?
As already mentioned, there are three types of usage in Japanese hiragana letters. Now we'll see how the letters are used.
(A) As Okurigana
Okurigana practically as augmentation / addition attached to a word in Japanese. The word is attached by okurigana principal concern - these words are usually written in kanji.
For example, the following example:
[JAP]爱する
[JAP] ai suru[ENG] "to love"
In the above example, the kanji for "ai" (爱; "love") followed by hiragana "suru" (する; "to do"). Here the "suru" act as a verb-forming affixes, so the end result is "aisuru" = "to love" .
Thus, it is する okurigana ("suru").
Another example ...
[JAP]白い
[JAP] shiro i[ENG] "white" (adj.) "," white-colored "
In the beginning there were only白kanji ("shiro"), which means "white" (noun) . However, the hiragana "i" into an adjective-forming affix - so the end result is "shiroi" = "white".
Thus, okurigana can be regarded as forming affixes word classes in Japanese. Starting from the verb, adjective, until tenses , it is indicated by okurigana used.
(B) As Furigana
Furigana is a clue how to read kanji. In general, a starch (or a lot of kanji) have more than one way of reading.
For example, the following kanji:
古谷This is a family name. Can be read as: Furuya , Furutani , or Kotani(On why this happened, sometime I will discuss in a separate article about the Kanji)
Then, what then? If for example, I became a teacher, and must roll student, I certainly can not take the risk of wrong calls. 
(the "Furuya" so "Furutani"?)
(the "Furuya" so "Furutani"?)
Well, to solve this problem, they invented writing systems furigana. Name with the kanji written with a normal size - while the small hiragana written as a maid.
It turns out the kanji read "Furuya," rather than "Furutani" or "Kotani"
However, there is also the use of furigana is not for the name. This technique is usually used in Japanese textbooks, comics (manga) , or travel guides.
Example:
Furigana above explains that the sentence reads: "Nihongo ga suki"
(= I love Japanese)
(C) Write down the particles and the honorific
All particles in Japanese is written using hiragana. On the other hand, there are also some honorific (as individuals) are written using hiragana, for example-kun,-san,-chan, and-tan.
Despite this honorific is generally more formal written using kanji - not hiragana. For example-dono (殿), both (様), and-sensei (先生).
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